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PHP is a widely-used general-purpose scripting language that is especially suited for Web development and can be embedded into HTML.
Python is a dynamic, object-oriented programming language that can be used for many kinds of software development. It offers strong support for integration with other languages and tools, comes with extensive standard libraries, and can be learned in
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a few days. Many Python programmers report substantial productivity gains and feel the language encourages the development of better code. [Less]
Perl is a general-purpose programming language originally developed for text manipulation and now used for a wide range of tasks including system administration, web development, network programming, GUI development, and more. Its major features
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include support for multiple programming paradigms (procedural, object-oriented, and functional styles), automatic memory management, built-in support for text processing, and a large collection of third-party modules.
It's worth noting that Perl is currently under /very/ active development - although the commit stats here don't reflect that fact because the version control system Perl uses isn't yet compatible with Ohloh. Hopefully that can be fixed - the Perl community would certainly like Ohloh to show recent activity. [Less]
Ruby is the interpreted scripting language for quick and easy object-oriented programming. It has many features to process text files and to do system management tasks (as in Perl). It is simple, straight-forward, extensible, and portable.
Haskell is an advanced purely functional programming language. The product of more than twenty years of cutting edge research, it allows rapid development of robust, concise, correct software. With strong support for integration with other languages
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, built-in concurrency, debuggers, profilers, rich libraries and an active community, Haskell makes it easier to produce flexible, maintainable high-quality software.
GHC is a state-of-the-art, open source, compiler and interactive environment for Haskell. [Less]
Lua is a powerful, fast, light-weight, embeddable scripting language.
Lua combines simple procedural syntax with powerful data description constructs based on associative arrays and extensible semantics. Lua is dynamically typed, runs by
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interpreting bytecode for a register-based virtual machine, and has automatic memory management with incremental garbage collection, making it ideal for configuration, scripting, and rapid prototyping. [Less]
JRuby is an 100% pure-Java implementation of the Ruby programming language.
JRuby is the effort to recreate the Ruby interpreter in Java. JRuby is tightly integrated with Java to allow both to script any Java class and to embed the interpreter into any Java application.
Parrot is the virtual machine (VM) that will run Perl 6. Its register-based design with object oriented internal types is optimized for the needs of dynamic languages such as Perl 6, PHP, Python, Ruby, JavaScript, Lisp, Lua, Tcl, ... . This
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differentiates it from other VMs such as Java's JVM and .NET's CLR which are stack-based and primarily aimed at static languages. [Less]
Tcl (Tool Command Language) is a very powerful but easy to learn dynamic programming language, suitable for a very wide range of uses, including web and desktop applications, networking, administration, testing and many more. Open source and
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business-friendly, Tcl is a mature yet evolving language that is truly cross platform, easily deployed and highly extensible.
Tk is a graphical user interface toolkit that takes developing desktop applications to a higher level than conventional approaches. Tk is the standard GUI not only for Tcl, but for many other dynamic languages, and can produce rich, native applications that run unchanged across Windows, Mac OS X, Linux and more. [Less]
A wrist-friendly language targeting the Common Language Runtime (.NET / Mono) with an extensible compiler pipeline, a syntax reminiscent of Python, and many other features (like type inference, syntactic macros, etc.)
GNU CLISP is an ANSI Common Lisp implementation with an interpreter, compiler, debugger, object system (CLOS, MOP), sockets, fast bignums, arbitrary precision floats, and foreign language interface which runs on most UNIXes and Win32.
Scala is a general purpose programming language designed to express common programming patterns in a concise, elegant, and type-safe way. It smoothly integrates features of object-oriented and functional languages. It is also fully interoperable with Java.
Rhino is an open-source implementation of JavaScript written entirely in Java. It is typically embedded into Java applications to provide scripting to end users.
Jython is a Java implementation of the Python programming language. It allows users to compile Python source code to Java byte codes, and run the resulting bytecodes on any Java Virtual Machine. It is a very seamless and smooth integration with Java:
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from Python you have complete access to all Java libraries, can build applets, can integrate with Java beans, and can subclass Java classes in Python and vice versa. Like Python, and unlike Java, Jython can also be used interactively: just type some Jython code at the prompt and see the results immediately. [Less]
EiffelStudio is an IDE for the Eiffel language (ECMA-367, ISO/IEC 25436, and ACM Software System Award 2006).
It includes:
* an Eiffel compiler
* a GUI editor
* a code browsing tool
* a diagram editor with round-trip,
* a refactoring tool
*
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a debugger
* a profiler
* Eiffel analysis tools (Metrics, Dependencies, etc.).
Eiffel generates C or CLI for .NET or Mono. Eiffel applies O-O principles and Design by Contract for high-quality software.
Many Eiffel libraries are included: ADT, network, GUI, database, parsing (including an Eiffel parser), XML, Web, COM, and more. [Less]
Hugs (Haskell User's Gofer System) (also Hugs 98) is a bytecode interpreter for the functional programming language Haskell. Hugs is the successor to Gofer, and was originally derived from Gofer version 2.30b.It offers fast compilation of programs
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and reasonable execution speed. It also comes with a simple graphics library. Hugs is good for people learning the basics of Haskell, but is by no means a "toy" implementation. It is the most portable and lightweight of the Haskell implementations.
Hugs deviates from the Haskell 98 specification[2] in several minor ways.[3] For example, Hugs does not support mutually recursive modules. The Hugs prompt accepts expressions for evaluation, but not module, type or function definitions. [Less]
Io is a small, prototype-based programming language. The ideas in Io are mostly inspired by Smalltalk (all values are objects), Self (prototype-based), NewtonScript (differential inheritance), Act1 (actors and futures for concurrency), LISP (code is a runtime inspectable/modifiable tree) and Lua (small, embeddable).
Pike is a dynamic programming language with a syntax similar to Java and C. It is simple to learn, does not require long compilation passes and has powerful built-in data types allowing simple and really fast data manipulation.
Chicken is a compiler for the Scheme programming language. Chicken produces portable, efficient C, supports almost all of the current Scheme language standard, R5RS and includes many enhancements and extensions.
The Nickle Programming Language is a C-like language with modern programming language features, intended for rapid prototyping, complex scripting, and numerical calculation. The current implementation is an interactive compiler to byte code written in C, with a runtime system written in C and Nickle.
GNU Smalltalk is a free implementation of the Smalltalk-80 language.
a high-performance, free Common Lisp implementation which runs on most major Unix platforms. It mainly conforms to the ANSI Common Lisp standard.
Guile is an interpreter for the Scheme programming language, with support for many SRFIs, packaged as a library which can be incorporated into your programs. Your users have full access to the interpreter, so Guile itself can be extended, based on the needs of the user. The result is a scripting language tailored to your application.
IronPython is a new implementation of the Python programming language running on .NET. It supports an interactive console with fully dynamic compilation. It is well integrated with the rest of the .NET Framework and makes all .NET libraries easily available to Python programmers, while maintaining full compatibility with the Python language.
Open Object Rexx interpreter based on the original IBM Object Rexx product.
SableCC is an object-oriented framework that generates compilers (and interpreters) in the Java programming language.
Regina is a Rexx interpreter that has been ported to most Unix platforms (Linux, FreeBSD, Solaris, AIX, HP-UX, etc.) and also to OS/2, eCS, DOS, Win9x/Me/NT/2k/XP, Amiga, AROS, QNX4.x, QNX6.x BeOS, MacOS X, EPOC32, AtheOS, OpenVMS, SkyOS and
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OpenEdition. Rexx is a programming language that was designed to be easy to use for inexperienced programmers yet powerful enough for experienced users. It is also a language ideally suited as a macro language for other applications. [Less]
Python 3000 (a.k.a. "Py3k", and released as Python 3.0) is a new version of the language that is incompatible with the 2.x line of releases. The language is mostly the same, but many details, especially how built-in objects like dictionaries and strings work, have changed considerably, and a lot of deprecated features have finally been removed.
SpiderMonkey is the code-name for the Mozilla's C implementation of JavaScript, which also works as a stand-alone JavaScript engine.
A portable implementation of the Forth language from the GNU project.