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Python is a dynamic, object-oriented programming language that can be used for many kinds of software development. It offers strong support for integration with other languages and tools, comes with extensive standard libraries, and can be learned in
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a few days. Many Python programmers report substantial productivity gains and feel the language encourages the development of better code. [Less]
Perl is a general-purpose programming language originally developed for text manipulation and now used for a wide range of tasks including system administration, web development, network programming, GUI development, and more. Its major features
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include support for multiple programming paradigms (procedural, object-oriented, and functional styles), automatic memory management, built-in support for text processing, and a large collection of third-party modules.
It's worth noting that Perl is currently under /very/ active development - although the commit stats here don't reflect that fact because the version control system Perl uses isn't yet compatible with Ohloh. Hopefully that can be fixed - the Perl community would certainly like Ohloh to show recent activity. [Less]
Ruby is the interpreted scripting language for quick and easy object-oriented programming. It has many features to process text files and to do system management tasks (as in Perl). It is simple, straight-forward, extensible, and portable.
Haskell is an advanced purely functional programming language. The product of more than twenty years of cutting edge research, it allows rapid development of robust, concise, correct software. With strong support for integration with other languages
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, built-in concurrency, debuggers, profilers, rich libraries and an active community, Haskell makes it easier to produce flexible, maintainable high-quality software.
GHC is a state-of-the-art, open source, compiler and interactive environment for Haskell. [Less]
JRuby is an 100% pure-Java implementation of the Ruby programming language.
JRuby is the effort to recreate the Ruby interpreter in Java. JRuby is tightly integrated with Java to allow both to script any Java class and to embed the interpreter into any Java application.
Parrot is the virtual machine (VM) that will run Perl 6. Its register-based design with object oriented internal types is optimized for the needs of dynamic languages such as Perl 6, PHP, Python, Ruby, JavaScript, Lisp, Lua, Tcl, ... . This
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differentiates it from other VMs such as Java's JVM and .NET's CLR which are stack-based and primarily aimed at static languages. [Less]
GNU CLISP is an ANSI Common Lisp implementation with an interpreter, compiler, debugger, object system (CLOS, MOP), sockets, fast bignums, arbitrary precision floats, and foreign language interface which runs on most UNIXes and Win32.
Rhino is an open-source implementation of JavaScript written entirely in Java. It is typically embedded into Java applications to provide scripting to end users.
MacRuby is a version of Ruby 1.9, ported to run directly on top of Mac OS X core technologies such as the Objective-C common runtime and garbage collector, and the CoreFoundation framework.
While still a work in progress, it is the goal of
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MacRuby to enable the creation of full-fledged Mac OS X applications which do not sacrifice performance in order to enjoy the benefits of using Ruby. [Less]
Roadsend PHP is an alternative implementation of the PHP programming language. It includes an interpreter, native compiler, and step debugger. Roadsend Compiler can be used to build online web applications with FastCGI, offline web applications with
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an embedded web server (using the included "MicroServer"), desktop GUI applications with PHP-GTK, libraries, and console applications.
Roadsend PHP compiler is unique among PHP implementations because rather than compiling and interpreting PHP byte code, it compiles PHP source code to native machine code. [Less]
A glue language based on the ideas of process networks and finite-state automata
A minimalist implementation of Python in 64k of code.
Includes functions, classes, exceptions, lists, dictionaries, modules, list comprehensions, parser, compiler, virtual machine, garbage collection, numbers, strings, and (some) builtins.
Batteries not included.