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Octave is a high-level language, primarily intended for numerical computations. It provides a convenient command line interface for solving linear and nonlinear problems numerically, and for performing other numerical experiments. It may also be used as a batch-oriented language.
XMDS is a code generator that integrates equations. You write them down in human readable form in a XML file, and it goes away and writes and compiles a C++ program that integrates those equations as fast as it can possibly be done in your architecture.
Freemat is an intepereted, matrix-oriented development environment for engineering and scientific applications, similar to the commercial package MATLAB. It provides visualization, image manipulation, and plotting as well as parallel programming.